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feat(i18n): add internationalization support with astro-i18next

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- Add astro-i18next package for i18n support
- Create LanguageSwitcher component with English and Chinese options
- Add i18n guide documentation
- Update .gitignore and package.json
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joyzhao
2025-06-14 10:08:29 +08:00
parent f134d69446
commit 4ab809ed94
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# jetbrains setting folder
.idea/
.trae/

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# Astro + React 项目国际化 (i18n) 指南
本文档旨在指导如何在基于 Astro 和 React 的项目中实现国际化功能，特别是针对 Astro 4.0+ 版本内置的 i18n 支持。
## 1. Astro i18n 配置
首先，需要在 `astro.config.mjs` 文件中配置国际化选项。
```javascript
// astro.config.mjs
import { defineConfig } from 'astro/config';
import react from "@astrojs/react";
import tailwind from "@tailwindcss/vite";
export default defineConfig({
integrations: [react(), tailwind()],
i18n: {
defaultLocale: "en", // 默认语言
locales: ["en", "zh"], // 支持的语言列表
routing: {
prefixDefaultLocale: true, // 是否为默认语言添加前缀 (例如 /en/blog)
// 其他路由配置，例如 fallback
}
}
});
```
**关键点**：
- `defaultLocale`: 设置网站的默认语言。
- `locales`: 定义所有支持的语言。
- `routing.prefixDefaultLocale`: 决定默认语言的 URL 是否也带有语言前缀。设置为 `true` (例如 `/en/about`) 通常能提供更一致的 URL 结构，但如果希望默认语言的 URL 更简洁 (例如 `/about`)，可以设置为 `false`。
## 2. 组织多语言内容 (页面)
Astro 的 i18n 路由策略是基于文件系统的。你需要根据语言在 `src/pages/` 目录下组织你的页面文件。
创建对应语言的子目录，例如：
```
src/
└── pages/
├── en/
│ ├── index.astro
│ └── about.astro
├── zh/
│ ├── index.astro
│ └── about.astro
└── index.astro // (可选) 如果 defaultLocale 不加前缀，这个作为根目录的默认语言页面
```
- 如果 `prefixDefaultLocale` 为 `true`，则所有语言（包括默认语言）的页面都应放在各自的语言子目录中 (例如 `src/pages/en/index.astro`, `src/pages/zh/index.astro`)。
- 如果 `prefixDefaultLocale` 为 `false`，默认语言的页面可以直接放在 `src/pages/` 根目录下 (例如 `src/pages/index.astro` 对应默认语言)，其他语言的页面放在各自的子目录中 (例如 `src/pages/zh/index.astro`)。
## 3. 存储 UI 翻译文本
对于 UI 界面中需要翻译的文本（例如按钮文字、标签、提示信息等），建议使用 JSON 文件来管理。
在 `public/locales/` 目录下为每种语言创建一个 JSON 文件：
```
public/
└── locales/
├── en/
│ └── ui.json
└── zh/
└── ui.json
```
**示例 `public/locales/en/ui.json`**:
```json
{
"site.title": "My Portfolio",
"nav.home": "Home",
"nav.about": "About",
"nav.projects": "Projects",
"button.viewDetails": "View Details"
}
```
**示例 `public/locales/zh/ui.json`**:
```json
{
"site.title": "我的作品集",
"nav.home": "首页",
"nav.about": "关于",
"nav.projects": "项目",
"button.viewDetails": "查看详情"
}
```
## 4. 创建翻译辅助函数 (可选但推荐)
为了方便在 Astro 组件和 React 组件中获取翻译文本，可以创建一个辅助函数。
在 `src/i18n/utils.ts` (如果目录不存在则创建) 中：
```typescript
// src/i18n/utils.ts
import { ui } from './ui'; // 假设 ui.ts 用于加载 JSON
// 这是一个简化的示例，实际项目中可能需要更完善的加载和错误处理机制
// 或者直接在组件中 fetch JSON 文件
export function useTranslations(lang: keyof typeof ui) {
return function t(key: keyof typeof ui[typeof lang]) {
return ui[lang][key] || key; // 如果翻译不存在，返回 key 本身
}
}
```
你还需要一个 `src/i18n/ui.ts` 来实际加载这些 JSON 文件。Astro 官方文档提供了一种方式，但对于客户端 React 组件，可能需要调整。
一个更通用的方法是在组件中根据当前语言动态 `fetch` 对应的 `ui.json` 文件。
**或者，更简单的方式是直接在 Astro 页面/布局中获取当前语言，然后将翻译对象传递给 React 组件。**
## 5. 更新 LanguageSwitcher 组件
`LanguageSwitcher.tsx` 组件需要能够检测当前语言、列出可选语言，并在用户选择新语言时导航到对应的本地化 URL。
```typescript
// src/components/LanguageSwitcher.tsx
import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
// 假设我们从 Astro.locals.lang 获取当前语言，并通过 props 传入
// 或者通过 window.location.pathname 解析
interface LanguageSwitcherProps {
currentLang: string;
availableLangs: Array<{ code: string; name: string }>; // 例如 [{ code: 'en', name: 'English' }, { code: 'zh', name: '中文' }]
}
const LanguageSwitcher = ({ currentLang, availableLangs }: LanguageSwitcherProps) => {
const [selectedLang, setSelectedLang] = useState(currentLang);
useEffect(() => {
setSelectedLang(currentLang);
}, [currentLang]);
const handleChangeLanguage = (langCode: string) => {
if (langCode !== selectedLang) {
// 获取当前路径，但不包含语言前缀
const currentPathname = window.location.pathname;
let basePath = '';
// 移除已有的语言前缀 (如果存在)
const langRegex = new RegExp(`^/(${availableLangs.map(l => l.code).join('|')})`);
basePath = currentPathname.replace(langRegex, '');
if (!basePath.startsWith('/')) {
basePath = '/' + basePath;
}
// Astro 的 i18n 路由会自动处理
// 如果 prefixDefaultLocale 为 true，则所有语言都有前缀
// 如果为 false，默认语言没有前缀
// 这里我们假设 Astro 的配置会处理好目标 URL
// 对于 Astro 4.0+，可以直接使用 astro:i18n 的 getRelativeLocaleUrl
// 但在 React 组件中，我们通常通过 window.location.href 来跳转
// 简单的跳转逻辑，实际项目中可能需要更精确的 URL 构建
// 考虑 Astro.config.mjs 中的 prefixDefaultLocale 设置
const astroConfig = {
defaultLocale: 'en', // 需要与 astro.config.mjs 一致
locales: ['en', 'zh'], // 需要与 astro.config.mjs 一致
prefixDefaultLocale: true // 需要与 astro.config.mjs 一致
};
let newPath;
if (langCode === astroConfig.defaultLocale && !astroConfig.prefixDefaultLocale) {
newPath = basePath;
} else {
newPath = `/${langCode}${basePath}`;
}
// 确保路径是干净的，例如移除双斜杠
newPath = newPath.replace(/\/\/+/g, '/');
if (newPath === '') newPath = '/';
window.location.href = newPath;
}
};
return (
<div className="language-switcher">
<select
value={selectedLang}
onChange={(e) => handleChangeLanguage(e.target.value)}
className="bg-gray-800 text-white p-2 rounded"
>
{availableLangs.map((lang) => (
<option key={lang.code} value={lang.code}>
{lang.name}
</option>
))}
</select>
</div>
);
};
export default LanguageSwitcher;
```
**在 Astro 布局或页面中使用 `LanguageSwitcher`**:
```astro
---
// src/layouts/Layout.astro
import LanguageSwitcher from '../components/LanguageSwitcher.tsx';
import { getRelativeLocaleUrl } from 'astro:i18n'; // Astro 4.0+ i18n helper
const { currentLocale } = Astro;
const availableLangs = [
{ code: 'en', name: 'English', url: getRelativeLocaleUrl('en') },
{ code: 'zh', name: '中文', url: getRelativeLocaleUrl('zh') },
// ... 其他语言
];
// 传递给 React 组件的 props
const langSwitcherProps = {
currentLang: currentLocale || 'en', // Astro.currentLocale 可能为 undefined
availableLangs: [
{ code: 'en', name: 'English' },
{ code: 'zh', name: '中文' },
]
};
---
<html lang={currentLocale}>
<head>
<!-- ... -->
</head>
<body>
<header>
<LanguageSwitcher {...langSwitcherProps} client:load />
</header>
<slot />
</body>
</html>
```
**注意**: `getRelativeLocaleUrl` 是在 Astro 文件中使用的。在 React 组件内部进行路由切换时，通常是直接修改 `window.location.href`。确保生成的 URL 与 Astro 的路由配置（特别是 `prefixDefaultLocale`）相匹配。
## 6. 国际化静态数据 (例如 `src/lib/data.ts`)
对于 `src/lib/data.ts` 中的静态数据，有两种主要的处理方式：
**方式一：为每种语言创建单独的数据文件**
```
src/
└── lib/
├── data.en.ts
├── data.zh.ts
└── data.ts // (可选) 作为默认或共享数据
```
然后在你的 Astro 页面或组件中，根据当前语言动态导入对应的数据文件：
```astro
---
// src/pages/en/index.astro (或任何需要数据的页面)
import { personalData, experiences, projects } from '../../lib/data.en';
// ...
---
```
```astro
---
// src/pages/zh/index.astro
import { personalData, experiences, projects } from '../../lib/data.zh';
// ...
---
```
**方式二：在同一个数据文件中使用嵌套结构**
```typescript
// src/lib/data.ts
export const siteTitle = {
en: "My Awesome Portfolio",
zh: "我的炫酷作品集"
};
export const personalData = {
en: {
name: "Your Name",
tagline: "Full Stack Developer | Tech Enthusiast",
bio: "A short bio about yourself..."
},
zh: {
name: "你的名字",
tagline: "全栈开发者 | 技术爱好者",
bio: "一段关于你自己的简短介绍..."
}
};
export const experiences = {
en: [
{ title: "Software Engineer at Tech Corp", duration: "2020 - Present", description: "Developed amazing things..." },
],
zh: [
{ title: "软件工程师 @ 科技公司", duration: "2020 -至今", description: "开发了很棒的东西..." },
]
};
// ... 其他数据类似结构
```
然后在组件中根据当前语言选择对应的数据：
```typescript
// 在 React 组件中 (假设 lang 作为 prop 传入)
// const currentData = experiences[lang] || experiences.en;
// 在 Astro 页面中
// ---
// import { experiences } from '../lib/data';
// const lang = Astro.currentLocale || 'en';
// const currentExperiences = experiences[lang] || experiences.en;
// ---
```
选择哪种方式取决于你的偏好和数据复杂度。分离文件更清晰，但可能需要更多导入语句。嵌套结构更集中，但文件可能变得较大。
## 7. 在 Astro 页面和 React 组件中使用翻译
**Astro 页面/布局 (.astro)**
你可以直接在 Astro 的 frontmatter 中获取当前语言，并加载对应的翻译文本。
```astro
---
// src/pages/en/index.astro
import Layout from '../../layouts/Layout.astro';
import HeroSection from '../../components/HeroSection.tsx';
// 假设我们有一个方法来加载翻译
import { getTranslations } from '../../i18n/server'; // 这是一个假设的服务器端翻译加载函数
const lang = Astro.currentLocale || 'en';
const t = await getTranslations(lang, 'ui'); // 加载 public/locales/en/ui.json
const heroSectionProps = {
title: t['hero.title'], // 假设 ui.json 中有 hero.title
subtitle: t['hero.subtitle']
// ... 其他需要翻译的 props
};
---
<Layout title={t['site.title']}>
<HeroSection {...heroSectionProps} client:load />
{/* ...其他内容... */}
</Layout>
```
**React 组件 (.tsx)**
将翻译函数 `t` 或翻译好的文本作为 props 传递给 React 组件。
```typescript
// src/components/HeroSection.tsx
interface HeroSectionProps {
title: string;
subtitle: string;
// ...其他 props
}
const HeroSection = ({ title, subtitle }: HeroSectionProps) => {
return (
<section>
<h1>{title}</h1>
<p>{subtitle}</p>
</section>
);
};
export default HeroSection;
```
或者，如果 React 组件需要在客户端自行获取翻译（例如，不通过 Astro 预渲染的部分），可以 `fetch` 对应的 `ui.json` 文件。
```typescript
// src/components/SomeClientComponent.tsx
import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
interface Translations {
[key: string]: string;
}
const SomeClientComponent = () => {
const [t, setT] = useState< (key: string) => string >(() => (key: string) => key);
const [lang, setLang] = useState('en'); // 需要确定当前语言
useEffect(() => {
// 确定当前语言，例如从 URL 或 localStorage
const currentPathLang = window.location.pathname.split('/')[1];
// 假设 'en', 'zh' 是支持的语言
if (['en', 'zh'].includes(currentPathLang)) {
setLang(currentPathLang);
}
}, []);
useEffect(() => {
async function fetchTranslations() {
try {
const response = await fetch(`/locales/${lang}/ui.json`);
if (!response.ok) throw new Error('Failed to load translations');
const translations: Translations = await response.json();
setT(() => (key: string) => translations[key] || key);
} catch (error) {
console.error("Error fetching translations:", error);
// 保留默认的 t 函数 (返回 key)
}
}
fetchTranslations();
}, [lang]);
return (
<div>
<p>{t('some.dynamic.text')}</p>
</div>
);
};
export default SomeClientComponent;
```
## 8. 重要注意事项和目标
在开始实施国际化之前，请务必考虑以下几点，以确保项目质量和未来的可维护性：
* **当前支持语言**: 初期主要支持 **英语 (en)** 和 **中文 (zh)**。
* **保护现有文案**: 在迁移和翻译过程中，必须确保当前网站上已经正确展示的文案内容不被意外修改或破坏。所有现有的、在原始语言中准确无误的文本应保持原样，直到为其创建对应语言的翻译版本。
* **专业翻译**: 对于非目标语言的文案（例如，如果现有内容主要是中文，需要提供英文版本），应进行专业且准确的翻译，避免机器翻译带来的生硬和不准确问题。确保翻译质量符合专业标准。
* **清晰的目录结构**: 按照 Astro i18n 的推荐，使用 `src/pages/[locale]/` 结构组织页面，使用 `public/locales/[locale]/` 结构组织 UI 翻译文件。这有助于保持项目的整洁和直观。
* **规范的数据结构**: 对于 `src/lib/data.ts` 中的静态数据，无论是采用分离文件（如 `data.en.ts`, `data.zh.ts`）还是嵌套结构，都应保持一致性和清晰性。数据结构的设计应考虑到未来可能新增语言或数据项的扩展需求。
* **代码注释**: 在关键的国际化逻辑和数据结构处添加清晰的英文注释，方便团队协作和后续维护。
* **逐步实施与测试**: 建议分阶段进行国际化改造，每完成一部分（例如一个组件或一个页面）后进行充分测试，确保在不同语言环境下显示和功能均正常。
遵循这些原则将有助于您顺利完成国际化，并为项目未来的发展打下坚实的基础。
## 9. 实施步骤建议
1. **配置 Astro i18n**: 更新 `astro.config.mjs`。
2. **创建翻译文件**: 在 `public/locales/` 下为每种语言创建 `ui.json` 并添加一些基础翻译。
3. **调整页面结构**: 根据 `prefixDefaultLocale` 的设置，在 `src/pages/` 下创建语言子目录，并将现有页面（如 `index.astro`）移动到对应的语言目录中（例如 `src/pages/en/index.astro` 和 `src/pages/zh/index.astro`）。如果 `prefixDefaultLocale` 为 `false`，则默认语言页面保留在 `src/pages/`。
4. **更新 `LanguageSwitcher.tsx`**: 实现语言切换逻辑，确保它能正确导航到本地化 URL。
5. **国际化 `Layout.astro`**: 在布局中获取当前语言，加载基础翻译（如网站标题），并将语言信息和 `LanguageSwitcher` 集成进去。
6. **国际化 `src/lib/data.ts`**: 选择一种策略（分离文件或嵌套结构）来国际化静态数据。
7. **逐个国际化 React 组件**:
* 确定哪些 props 需要翻译。
* 从 Astro 页面将翻译后的文本或翻译函数传递给这些组件。
* 更新组件以使用这些 props。
* 例如，先从 `HeroSection.tsx` 开始。
8. **国际化 Astro 页面内容**: 对于直接在 `.astro` 文件中定义的文本内容，使用加载的翻译函数进行替换。
9. **测试**: 彻底测试所有语言的页面和功能，确保翻译正确显示，链接正常工作。
通过以上步骤，你可以为你的 Astro + React 项目构建一个完整的国际化解决方案。

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@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
"@types/react-dom": "^19.0.4",
"aos": "^2.3.4",
"astro": "^5.5.3",
"astro-i18next": "1.0.0-beta.21",
"class-variance-authority": "^0.7.1",
"clsx": "^2.1.1",
"framer-motion": "^12.5.0",

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@@ -29,6 +29,9 @@ importers:
astro:
specifier: ^5.5.3
version: 5.9.2(@types/node@24.0.1)(jiti@2.4.2)(lightningcss@1.30.1)(rollup@4.43.0)(typescript@5.8.3)
astro-i18next:
specifier: 1.0.0-beta.21
version: 1.0.0-beta.21(astro@5.9.2(@types/node@24.0.1)(jiti@2.4.2)(lightningcss@1.30.1)(rollup@4.43.0)(typescript@5.8.3))
class-variance-authority:
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engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
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cpu: [arm64]
os: [android]
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engines: {node: '>=12'}
cpu: [arm]
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engines: {node: '>=18'}
@@ -240,6 +253,12 @@ packages:
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os: [linux]
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engines: {node: '>=12'}
cpu: [loong64]
os: [linux]
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engines: {node: '>=18'}
@@ -454,6 +473,14 @@ packages:
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@@ -2326,6 +2526,16 @@ snapshots:
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escalade: 3.2.0
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dependencies:
react: 19.1.0
@@ -2621,6 +2831,21 @@ snapshots:
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locale-emoji: 0.3.0
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dequal@2.0.3: {}
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iron-webcrypto@1.2.1: {}
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iso-639-1@2.1.15: {}
jiti@2.4.2: {}
js-tokens@4.0.0: {}
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lightningcss-win32-x64-msvc: 1.30.1
locale-emoji@0.3.0: {}
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lodash.throttle@4.1.1: {}
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picocolors@1.1.1: {}
picomatch@2.3.1: {}
@@ -3867,6 +4207,10 @@ snapshots:
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type-fest@4.41.0: {}

5
src/components/GlassHeader.tsx
View File

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
import ThemeToggle from "./ui/theme-toggle";
import LanguageSwitcher from "./LanguageSwitcher"; // Added import for LanguageSwitcher
import { personalInfo } from "@/lib/data";
import { useState } from "react";
import { Menu, X } from "lucide-react";
@@ -46,9 +47,11 @@ export default function GlassHeader() {
</nav>
<div className="flex items-center space-x-2">
{/* Language Switcher added here */}
<LanguageSwitcher />
<ThemeToggle />
{/* Mobile Menu Button */}
{/* Mobile Menu Button */}
<motion.button
className="md:hidden p-2 text-foreground"
onClick={toggleMenu}

64
src/components/LanguageSwitcher.tsx Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
import { useState } from "react";
import { Languages, Check } from "lucide-react";
import { motion, AnimatePresence } from "framer-motion";
const languages = [
{ code: "en", name: "English", icon: "🇬🇧" }, // Added icon for English
{ code: "zh", name: "中文", icon: "🇨🇳" }, // Added icon for Chinese
];
export default function LanguageSwitcher() {
const [isOpen, setIsOpen] = useState(false);
// TODO: Implement actual language switching logic, e.g., using a context or a library
const [selectedLanguage, setSelectedLanguage] = useState(languages[0]);
const toggleOpen = () => setIsOpen(!isOpen);
const handleSelectLanguage = (lang: typeof languages[0]) => {
setSelectedLanguage(lang);
setIsOpen(false);
// Here you would typically call a function to change the language of the application
console.log(`Language changed to: ${lang.name}`);
};
return (
<div className="relative">
<motion.button
onClick={toggleOpen}
className="p-2 rounded-md hover:bg-accent hover:text-accent-foreground focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-ring focus:ring-offset-2"
aria-label="Change language"
whileTap={{ scale: 0.95 }}
>
<Languages size={20} />
</motion.button>
<AnimatePresence>
{isOpen && (
<motion.div
initial={{ opacity: 0, y: -10 }}
animate={{ opacity: 1, y: 0 }}
exit={{ opacity: 0, y: -10 }}
transition={{ duration: 0.2 }}
className="absolute right-0 mt-2 w-40 origin-top-right rounded-md bg-popover text-popover-foreground shadow-md focus:outline-none z-50 border border-border/20"
>
<div className="p-1" role="menu" aria-orientation="vertical" aria-labelledby="options-menu">
{languages.map((lang) => (
<button
key={lang.code}
onClick={() => handleSelectLanguage(lang)}
className="w-full text-left px-3 py-1.5 text-sm rounded-sm hover:bg-accent hover:text-accent-foreground flex items-center justify-between cursor-pointer focus:bg-accent focus:outline-none"
role="menuitem"
>
<span className="flex items-center">
<span className="mr-2">{lang.icon}</span> {/* Display icon */}
{lang.name}
</span>
{selectedLanguage.code === lang.code && <Check size={16} className="text-primary" />}
</button>
))}
</div>
</motion.div>
)}
</AnimatePresence>
</div>
);
}