feat(blog): 添加 1Panel 自动化部署笔记，简化部署流程
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joyzhao
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src/pages/blog/posts/2025060801.md
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src/pages/blog/posts/2025060801.md
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# 1Panel Automated Deployment Notes: Say Goodbye to Manual Uploads, One-Command Takeoff from Local
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Updating code used to make me feel like a "human FTP client":
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1. Package everything locally, sweat included
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2. Open browser, log into 1Panel (forgot password again?)
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3. Dig through file manager like an archaeologist
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4. Manual upload, manual overwrite, plus manual cleanup of old files
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This whole ritual took at least 5 minutes each time, and last week I actually brought the site down for 10 minutes because I forgot to upload a new config file. Enough is enough—I built this lightweight deployment pipeline. No heavy Jenkins setup needed, perfect for solo developers or small projects. Fast, reliable, and nobody else to blame.
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## 1. Create a "Deployment Runner" Account
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Running scripts as root? That's like performing surgery with a chainsaw. Let's create a dedicated account just for deployments.
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```bash
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# Create the deployment account
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sudo adduser deploy_zgy
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# Critical: disable password login, SSH keys only
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# Even if someone guesses the password, they can't get in
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sudo usermod -s /usr/sbin/nologin deploy_zgy
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```
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## 2. The Permission Puzzle: ACL to the Rescue
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Here's the tricky part: 1Panel has its own permission system. If you `chown` everything to your deployment user, websites in the panel might start throwing 500 errors.
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My solution: **ACL** (Access Control Lists). Think of it as giving your deployment user a "VIP backstage pass"—it can read/write files without messing with 1Panel's original file ownership.
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```bash
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# Install ACL tools first
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sudo apt install acl -y
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# Grant access to sites directory (make sure this is your web root)
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# -R means recursive, but be careful if directory has other sites
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sudo setfacl -R -m u:deploy_zgy:rwx /opt/1panel/www/sites
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# Set default inheritance: new sites get access automatically
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sudo setfacl -R -d -m u:deploy_zgy:rwx /opt/1panel/www/sites
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```
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## 3. SSH Key Access: No More Password Typing
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Copy your local SSH public key to the server, and never type a password again.
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```bash
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# Create SSH directory for deployment user
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sudo -u deploy_zgy mkdir -p /home/deploy_zgy/.ssh
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# Append your public key (using >> not > to avoid overwriting)
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echo "your-public-key-here" >> /home/deploy_zgy/.ssh/authorized_keys
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# Permissions must be exact, or SSH will refuse
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sudo chown -R deploy_zgy:deploy_zgy /home/deploy_zgy/.ssh
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sudo chmod 700 /home/deploy_zgy/.ssh
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sudo chmod 600 /home/deploy_zgy/.ssh/authorized_keys
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```
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**Even lazier method**: If you have `ssh-copy-id` locally, just run `ssh-copy-id deploy_zgy@your-server-ip`.
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## 4. SSH Aliases (For the Truly Lazy)
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Memorize IP addresses? Not in this decade. Add this to your local `~/.ssh/config`:
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```text
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Host ny-web # Nickname for your server
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HostName 192.xxx.xxx.xxx # Your server IP
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User deploy_zgy # Login user
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IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa # Private key path
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```
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Now just type `ssh ny-web` and you're in. Magic.
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## 5. The Grand Finale: One-Command Deployment
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Create `deploy.sh` in your project root:
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```bash
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#!/bin/bash
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# For frontend projects, build first
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# echo "📦 Building..."
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# npm run build
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echo "🚀 Syncing to production..."
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# rsync for incremental updates
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# -a: archive mode (preserves everything)
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# -v: verbose (show me what's happening)
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# -z: compress during transfer
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# --delete: ⚠️ Warning: removes files on target that don't exist locally!
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# Remove this flag for first sync to be safe
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rsync -avz --delete --progress ./dist/ ny-web:/opt/1panel/www/sites/my-project-folder/
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echo "✅ Deployment complete!"
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echo "⏱️ Next time just run: ./deploy.sh"
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```
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Make it executable: `chmod +x deploy.sh`. Now deploying is literally one command.
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## 6. Pitfalls I Stepped In (So You Don't Have To)
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1. **Skip `--delete` on first sync**: Do a dry run first. This flag can delete important files if you're not careful.
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2. **Check ACL permissions**: If files still have permission issues, run `getfacl /opt/1panel/www/sites/your-project` to verify.
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3. **Verify paths**: 1Panel's default path is `/opt/1panel/www/sites/`, but check if you customized it.
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4. **Frontend projects**: Don't upload `node_modules`. Your server doesn't need that 200MB baggage.
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## Wrapping Up
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I've been using this setup for weeks, and it just works. What used to be a 5-minute chore is now a 30-second command. The mental load is gone—no more "did I forget that one file?" anxiety.
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For small to medium projects that don't need full CI/CD complexity, this lightweight approach is perfect. A few minutes to set up, a lifetime of easy deployments.
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**Final reminder**: Automation is powerful but dangerous. Test with a dummy directory first, especially before using `--delete`. Happy deploying, and may your uptime be forever!
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114
src/pages/zh/blog/posts/2025060801.md
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114
src/pages/zh/blog/posts/2025060801.md
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# 1Panel 自动化部署笔记：告别“手动操作”，本地一键起飞
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以前每次更新代码，都感觉自己像个“人肉传输带”：
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1. 本地吭哧吭哧打包
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2. 打开浏览器，输密码登录 1Panel 面板
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3. 在文件管理器里翻来覆去找目录
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4. 手动上传、手动覆盖，有时候还得手动删服务器上的旧文件，就怕哪个缓存文件没清干净
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这一套流程下来，没个三五分钟搞不定，关键还特别容易漏文件。上周就因为我忘记上传一个新加的配置文件，线上挂了十分钟才反应过来。痛定思痛，我决定搞一套轻量级部署方案——不用整 Jenkins 那种大炮打蚊子，特别适合我这种单兵作战的小项目，要的就是快、稳、不求人。
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## 1. 先整个“跑腿小弟”账号
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用 root 跑脚本？那太野了，万一脚本写崩了，服务器直接原地升天。得建个专门干这活的“小弟账号”。
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```bash
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# 创建专门负责部署的账号
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sudo adduser deploy_zgy
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# 关键一步：禁用这个账号的密码登录，只认 SSH 密钥
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# 这样就算有人猜到密码也进不来，安全第一
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sudo usermod -s /usr/sbin/nologin deploy_zgy
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```
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## 2. 权限难题的“优雅解法”：ACL 授权
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这里有个坑：1Panel 管理的文件有自己的一套权限体系，如果你用 `chown` 强行改属主，面板里的网站可能就直接 500 错误了。
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我的解决方案是 **ACL**（访问控制列表）。这玩意就像给文件加了张“访客通行证”，让 `deploy_zgy` 这个账号能读写文件，但又不会破坏 1Panel 原本的文件归属关系。
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```bash
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# 先安装 ACL 工具
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sudo apt install acl -y
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# 给 sites 目录开绿灯（注意：确认这是你的网站根目录）
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# -R 表示递归，但如果目录里已有其他站点，建议先备份或确认操作
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sudo setfacl -R -m u:deploy_zgy:rwx /opt/1panel/www/sites
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# 设置默认权限继承：以后在面板里新建的站点，自动给 deploy_zgy 权限
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sudo setfacl -R -d -m u:deploy_zgy:rwx /opt/1panel/www/sites
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```
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## 3. SSH 免密登录：从此进出如风
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把你本地电脑的 SSH 公钥塞到服务器上，以后就不用输密码了。
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```bash
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# 切换到部署账号的家目录
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sudo -u deploy_zgy mkdir -p /home/deploy_zgy/.ssh
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# 追加你的公钥（用 >> 而不是 >，避免覆盖别人的密钥）
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echo "你的公钥内容，就是 id_rsa.pub 文件里那串" >> /home/deploy_zgy/.ssh/authorized_keys
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# 权限必须严格设置，否则 SSH 会拒绝连接
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sudo chown -R deploy_zgy:deploy_zgy /home/deploy_zgy/.ssh
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sudo chmod 700 /home/deploy_zgy/.ssh
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sudo chmod 600 /home/deploy_zgy/.ssh/authorized_keys
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```
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**更懒的方法**：如果你本地有 `ssh-copy-id` 命令，直接 `ssh-copy-id deploy_zgy@你的服务器IP`。
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## 4. SSH 别名配置（懒癌患者的福音）
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记 IP 地址？不存在的。在本地 `~/.ssh/config` 文件里加一段：
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```text
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Host ny-web # 给你服务器起的外号，随便起，好记就行
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HostName 192.xxx.xxx.xxx # 你的服务器 IP
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User deploy_zgy # 登录用户
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IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa # 私钥路径
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```
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配置完，以后登录就直接 `ssh ny-web`，爽！
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## 5. 终极一击：一键部署脚本
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在项目根目录创建 `deploy.sh`：
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```bash
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#!/bin/bash
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# 如果是前端项目，先打包
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# echo "📦 正在打包..."
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# npm run build
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echo "🚀 开始同步到生产环境..."
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# 使用 rsync 增量同步
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# -a: 归档模式，保持文件属性
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# -v: 显示详细过程
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# -z: 压缩传输
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# --delete: ⚠️ 注意：这会删除目标端有而源端没有的文件！
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# 首次同步建议先去掉这个参数，确认无误后再加上
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rsync -avz --delete --progress ./dist/ ny-web:/opt/1panel/www/sites/我的项目文件夹/
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echo "✅ 部署完成！"
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echo "⏱️ 下次更新只需: ./deploy.sh"
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```
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给脚本执行权限：`chmod +x deploy.sh`，以后部署就是一行命令的事儿。
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## 6. 我踩过的坑和注意事项
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1. **首次同步别用 `--delete`**：先完整同步一次，确认文件都对，再加这个参数。不然可能把服务器上的重要文件删了。
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2. **ACL 权限检查**：如果同步后还是没权限，可以用 `getfacl /opt/1panel/www/sites/你的项目` 看看 ACL 设置是否生效。
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3. **文件路径要对**：1Panel 的默认站点路径是 `/opt/1panel/www/sites/`，但如果你改过，记得调整。
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4. **前端项目注意**：打包前清理 `node_modules`，这玩意别传到服务器。
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## 总结
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这套方案我从上周用到现在，真香！以前更新一次至少折腾5分钟，现在30秒搞定。关键是心理负担小了——再也不用担心漏传文件，`rsync` 会帮我搞定一切。
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对于还没到需要 CI/CD 的中小型项目，这种轻量级方案简直完美。几分钟配置，一劳永逸。如果你也在用 1Panel，又被手动上传困扰，试试这个方案吧。
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**最后提醒**：任何自动化操作都有风险，尤其是删除操作。第一次在生产环境用的时候，建议先找个测试目录跑一遍，确认无误再上。祝大家部署顺利，永不宕机！
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